This narrative report provides readers with key information to understand how cities react to critical climate stimuli and how solutions based on nature can enhance their resilience, by examining:
i) the main implications of climate change and extreme weather events in cities, disentangling the complex interactions between climate and urban environments with a particular focus on heat- and flood-related issues;
ii) the role that nature-based solutions may have in promoting climate adaptation and urban resilience, also showcasing real-life examples;
iii) key planning aspects and considerations that are relevant for promoting the implementation and scaling up of nature-based solutions in cities, to enable a more widespread and systematic implementation while addressing more effective and just outcomes.