| Description | Emission factors represent a fundamental methodological tool for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions by converting activity data into comparable CO₂-equivalent values. This article outlines the role of harmonised emission factors within the EU Mission for Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities, with a specific focus on the Danube region. It highlights key methodological principles such as geographical relevance, time consistency, transparency, and consistent application across emission inventories. Indicative national emission factors for electricity, natural gas, and passenger transport are presented to support cross-country comparability among cities. The analysis demonstrates that differences between countries are primarily driven by the carbon intensity of electricity generation. Consistent use of well-documented emission factors is essential for accurately assessing progress towards urban climate neutrality and defining residual emissions. |
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